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Pros y contras del ingreso básico universal: ¿solución al desempleo o demasiado costoso?

El ingreso básico universal (IBU) es un tema ampliamente debatido. ¿Podría ser la solución al desempleo, la inestabilidad económica y la pobreza, o es demasiado costoso y podría aumentar las tasas de desempleo? Aquí analizamos algunos de los pros y contras del IBU y su posible impacto en el mercado laboral.
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Ventajas y desventajas del ingreso básico universal: ¿solución al desempleo o demasiado costoso?
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Ventajas y desventajas del ingreso básico universal: ¿solución al desempleo o demasiado costoso?

¿Qué es el ingreso básico universal? El ingreso básico universal (IBU) es un sistema en el cual cada adulto recibe una cantidad fija de dinero de forma regular. Este pago es incondicional, lo que significa que no depende del ingreso, estado laboral u otro criterio del beneficiario. Universal – para todos Básico – para cubrir gastos cotidianos Ingreso – regular, para que las personas lo gasten como deseen El IBU ha sido un tema interesante y controvertido en los últimos años, con diversas pruebas y estudios realizados para evaluar su impacto potencial. Aunque aún estamos lejos de implementarlo en la práctica, veamos algunos de los pros y contras de introducir este concepto. Ventajas del ingreso básico universal Reducir la pobrezaUno de los principales argumentos a favor del IBU es su potencial para reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad económica. Un estudio de 2022 de la Universidad de York concluyó que un modelo de IBU podría reducir la pobreza a la mitad. Esto se lograría mediante ajustes fiscales y pagos semanales garantizados, proporcionando un ingreso estable para todos. Esta estabilidad podría llevar a una economía más sólida, mayor consumo, más oportunidades laborales y un mercado más saludable. Mayor consumoCon más ingresos disponibles, las personas gastarían más, lo que estimularía la demanda de bienes y servicios y beneficiaría a las empresas de diversos sectores. Este aumento en el consumo también podría generar mayores ingresos fiscales que podrían reinvertirse en servicios públicos e infraestructura. Empoderamiento laboralEl IBU ofrecería una red de seguridad, reduciendo la presión por aceptar trabajos mal remunerados o precarios. Esto podría mejorar la satisfacción y productividad laboral, ya que las personas se enfocarían en trabajos que se alinean con sus intereses. Mejora de condiciones laboralesAl invertir la dinámica de poder hacia los trabajadores, el IBU podría motivar a las empresas a mejorar las condiciones laborales. Con un ingreso garantizado, los empleados no estarían obligados a permanecer en trabajos con malas condiciones solo por necesidad financiera. Esto obligaría a los empleadores a ofrecer mejores salarios y condiciones para atraer y retener talento. Innovación y emprendimientoMuchas personas dudan en emprender por miedo al fracaso financiero. El IBU podría ofrecer la estabilidad necesaria para fomentar el emprendimiento, lo que contribuiría al crecimiento económico y la creación de nuevos sectores y empleos. Fomento de la educación y beneficios socialesUn ingreso estable permitiría a más personas acceder a estudios y capacitación. Esto derivaría en una población más calificada, con beneficios como: Mayor participación cívica Más pensamiento crítico e innovación Reducción de la pobreza Mejor salud pública Desventajas del ingreso básico universal Alto costoImplementar el IBU sería extremadamente caro, requiriendo aumentos fiscales significativos y reasignaciones presupuestarias. Un análisis estimó su costo bruto en 631 mil millones de dólares, lo cual hace que muchos lo consideren insostenible o inviable. Menor motivación para trabajarAlgunos críticos argumentan que el IBU podría reducir el incentivo para trabajar, generando mayor desempleo. Al contar con un ingreso garantizado, algunas personas podrían reducir sus horas laborales o dejar de trabajar, afectando el crecimiento económico y la recaudación fiscal. Desafíos para sectores de bajos salariosIndustrias que dependen de mano de obra barata podrían enfrentar demandas salariales más altas, ya que los trabajadores no aceptarían fácilmente empleos mal remunerados. Esto podría aumentar los costos operativos e incentivar la automatización. Inflación El aumento del consumo podría generar inflación, reduciendo el poder adquisitivo del IBU y anulando parte de sus beneficios. Posible desigualdadAunque el IBU busca reducir la desigualdad, algunos sostienen que entregar la misma cantidad a todos no aborda las diferencias reales entre los grupos sociales. Podría ser necesario un enfoque más personalizado. El debate sobre el IBU está lejos de resolverse. Su implementación requeriría un diseño de políticas sólido y pruebas piloto. Es fundamental considerar distintos puntos de vista y analizar su impacto en el mundo real. En definitiva, la pregunta sigue abierta: ¿Puede el IBU ser la solución transformadora que necesita el inestable mercado laboral, o será simplemente una utopía demasiado cara y compleja? ¿Estás buscando un profesional con talento para unirte a tu equipo o una nueva oportunidad laboral? Ponte en contacto hoy con uno de nuestros consultores especializados.
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Interview questions to ask candidates - and what their answers mean

The standard competency question These are the most common type of questions to ask when interviewing, and will usually start with the phrase along the lines of “Can you give me an example of when you…”. They can be adjusted to suit whichever skills you’d like the candidate to tell you about, for example, delivering excellent customer service, resolving a conflict or influencing a senior stakeholder. Competency style questions are good for when you want to find out about specific competencies or skills the candidate has, and how they have used them to resolve previous situations. Good candidates will often plan responses to these and should give clear, thought-through examples. Look for evidence in their answers that they can give you a clear situation, the task at hand, the action they personally took, and the (positive) result of that action - the STAR method. The follow-up question Follow-up questions allow you to get more detail, and look beyond the glossy prepared answer, which, although sounding impressive, may cover up a lack of detail or personal involvement. Asking good follow-up questions allows the candidate to engage on a higher level, and have to think on the spot a bit more, as they might not be as prepared for one of these. The curveball question If you really want to test a candidate’s ability to think on their feet, throw in a curveball or two. These can be completely unrelated to the job but may be an extension of something on their resume or relate to current affairs that you’d like them to comment on or explain to you. It will test their decision-making under pressure, and the ability to articulate an unprepared response, which can be very important in some jobs. The hypothetical situation question Some love and some hate these, but they can be seen as a very good example of testing rational thought and logical reasoning quite quickly. Such questions are normally along the lines of asking the candidate to imagine they are in a certain situation, and then asking them to decide, based on information and parameters provided. The “describe yourself” question These can come in many forms, and you can ask candidates to imagine what their previous boss or co-workers would say about them, or just to sum themselves up in a few words. This will show whether a candidate can empathize with another person’s point of view and express it, or their ability to give a succinct answer when only a few words are required.
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Improve your hiring strategy with AI interview tools

Unleashing the potential of AI in recruitment Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the recruitment field and altering how businesses recruit. Here are a few methods through which AI can boost the productivity and efficacy of the recruitment process: Automate repetitive tasks A key advantage of utilizing AI recruitment instruments is their capacity to automate monotonous tasks. Such tasks may encompass sifting through resumes, arranging interviews, and dispatching subsequent emails. AI makes tasks easier, giving recruiters and managers more time for important parts of hiring. Streamline candidate screening Conventional screening techniques can be lengthy and prone to human mistakes. AI can quickly analyse many resumes and identify the best candidates using predetermined criteria. This not only speeds up the screening procedure but also ensures that we don't miss any candidates. Gain valuable insights AI can offer crucial understanding that aids recruiters and hiring managers in making knowledgeable choices. Predictive analytics can anticipate a candidate's work performance and similarity with the company culture. It will help the hiring manager to understand if that job applicant is a good fit for the business. AI recruitment instruments can also scrutinize a candidate's social media accounts to understand their character and principles. This understanding can assist recruiters in making more impartial and data-oriented recruitment choices. Learn more about social media screening. An inventive use of AI in hiring is the creation of interview questions powered by AI. This tech employs machine learning algorithms to scan the given criteria and produce pertinent interview questions. The system considers the job title, skill set, and experience level. It then generates questions that accurately evaluate whether a candidate is suitable for the role. Introducing Reed's interview question generator Reed's interview question generator generates interview questions using AI algorithms, based on criteria given by the employer. It's a powerful tool. The tool has a simple interface, allowing employers to enter job details and get a list of questions. You can download the list in a Word document for your interview. You can also copy it to send to a colleague or use it in another document. The tool is helpful for hiring managers in many ways. The tool helps hiring managers in many ways. Employers can access Reed’s interview question generator Tailoring interviews with customizable criteria To begin, just enter the job title, seniority level (e.g. entry-level, middle manager, board level), and industry for the recruitment process. Next, you pick a maximum of three soft skills that you desire in your ideal candidate. Options include abilities like emotional intelligence, inventiveness, business acumen, and analytical thinking, among others. In just a few minutes, the tool will produce a collection of custom-made interview queries for applicants. Once your questions are ready, you have the flexibility to reorder the question sequence, choose different skills, refresh the whole set or lock your favourite questions and revise the rest. How does the tool adapt to different industries and job roles? This AI-based interview instrument enables companies to customize interview queries according to their unique requirements. The selection criteria encompass the job position, necessary skills, experience level, among others. The instrument utilizes these parameters to formulate questions that align with the job and the company's needs. You can use the interview question generator for any job role. Either select one from the drop-down list, or just choose your own. You can also choose from 27 industries, from engineering and manufacturing to insurance and pensions. Reed's interview question generator can help assess candidates with relevant questions. You can use it for hiring in a tech startup or a manufacturing company. Maximising hiring success with AI-generated questions Skilfully designed interview queries are crucial for assessing a candidate's abilities, background, and suitability for a position. Employers can now utilize our cutting-edge interview question generator tool to aid them in making knowledgeable recruitment choices. Interview questions help to gain a better understanding of a candidate's skills. They also ensure a fair interview process, reduce bias, and improve the quality of hiring. Utilizing the tool offers several advantages to employers, including time efficiency, enhanced candidate experience, and superior hires. The interview question generator is especially useful for specialized roles or sectors where certain skills or experiences are necessary. By creating customized questions, the tool assists employers in evaluating if candidates have the distinctive skills needed.
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How to choose between candidates

Sometimes during the recruitment process you may come across two candidates who ticks all the right boxes, but you may only have one position to fill. Trying to choose between candidates who have both impressed at the interview stage, and appear suitable on paper, can be difficult. So what exactly should you be looking for when choosing between two candidates? Experience While it may appear obvious that a candidate with more experience is more employable, sometimes two applicants will have similar levels. It is worth considering which candidate will provide more in the specific scenario of your company. One candidate may be more suited to the actual demands of the role (remember - desirable doesn't necessarily mean necessary); another may have experience in areas you may look to expand into in the future. Yet, don't write off the value of bringing in someone from an outside industry for a fresh perspective. Also ask yourself if you'd prefer a safe pair of hands – someone that can do the job already, but who may potentially get bored of it quickly; or someone who maybe has a bit less experience, but is ready for the next step up into this role. Who wants it more? Following on from this, how much the candidate wants the job is an important factor. It is important to determine whether they simply need a job or if the position you are potentially offering them is their ideal role. Someone who wants to work in your field, and for you specifically, could bring you a lasting tenure, whereas somebody looking for a stopgap position is more likely to move on when something more suitable presents itself. Chemistry It is not only a potential candidate's skill set that should be taken into account during selection, but also their softer skills. A new employee with strong interpersonal skills who easily gels with you and your team will be able to start working to the best of their abilities and operating successfully within the team more quickly than others. A candidate should be gauged on their cultural fit to the company and their fit with those they will be working with and for. Moreover, someone who is predisposed to work as an individual may not be as effective in a team that tends to work closely together. Remember – you're probably going to have to get on with them every day, so liking them is also important. Connections If choosing between two potential candidates is still proving difficult, it can be useful to look at what else they bring to the table. A candidate with a strong client base or background with already established relationships and connections that will bolster your company could help to secure contracts that you otherwise may not have won.
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How to create a great recruitment strategy

​What is a recruitment strategy? A recruitment strategy is a clear plan that explains what roles you’ll recruit for, when, why and how. It should be tied to your overall company objectives. Your strategy must be possible to implement and easy to communicate. While you can tweak your tactics, the strategy must always be clear. The core aspects of a great recruitment strategy Growth Plans In order to scale up your workforce, you’ll need to hire – which takes time and resources. Create a measure to help you identify which areas of your business will benefit most from increased headcount. This could focus on return on investment or opportunities lost. Shortcut: Unsure how many new employees you’ll need? A recruitment agency will give you access to temporary staff and contractors to help you expand quickly and risk free. Employer Brand Make sure your employer brand and message are attractive to your target audience, particularly over social media. A well-known brand is a big selling point to talented job hunters. Be open and transparent about the company’s working culture to ensure you attract candidates that will match your business. Shortcut: If your brand isn’t well known, a recruitment agency can contact candidates directly and spend time promoting your employer messages. Skills Audit Use your company objectives to identify developing areas of the business, then decide on the skills you will need to succeed. Your recruitment strategy should include ways to find and bring new skills into the company. Employers often focus on advanced digital and technical skills, but you should also consider bringing in candidates with different experiences. Shortcut: When interviewing for a role you’ve never done yourself, your recruitment consultant can offer interview tips and support to build your confidence. "You can tweak your tactics, but your end goals must be clear." Flexibility If your company needs to adapt quickly to an unpredictable market then hiring permanent staff may not be the right option. Your strategy should include a plan for temporary staff and contractors to cover projects that are likely to change at short notice. Shortcut: Unless you already have an advanced payroll function, it makes sense to ask your recruitment agency to manage payroll for your temporary workforce. They look after tax, holiday pay and even pension contributions – saving you a lot of hassle. When to review your recruitment strategy You should always be thinking about how you differentiate your company from your competitors, and how you can be a more attractive prospect for potential candidates. Pay close attention to all aspects of the recruitment process, and make tactical tweaks throughout the year when necessary – while holding firm to your recruitment strategy. You should review your overall recruitment strategy annually to make sure it ties in with your wider business objectives. It’s important that everyone in the company understands your goals – so be clear and concise about what success looks like and how you will get there.
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Key considerations when writing a person specification

The first step is to advertise the role with clear and accurate information about the position available. Something that works alongside a job description is the ‘person specification'. The person specification, or personal specification, is an important part of the recruiter’s toolbox. It allows you to communicate the traits you find desirable in an ideal candidate, such as education, previous work experience, and any extra traits needed to succeed in the role. What is a person specification? A person specification is a detailed description of the ideal professional, or candidate as we refer to in the recruitment sector, for a specific job role. It outlines the qualifications, skills, experience, and personal attributes required to perform the job effectively. Typically developed alongside a job description, the person specification serves as a benchmark against which applicants can be assessed, helping those hiring identify the most suitable individuals for a position. It ensures that recruitment processes are clear, consistent, and based on merit, allowing hiring decisions to be made fairly and objectively.The content of a person specification is often divided into essential and desirable criteria. Essential criteria refer to the minimum requirements a person must meet to be considered for the role, this could be holding a specific qualification or possessing a certain level of experience. Desirable criteria, on the other hand, is where you would highlight qualities or experience that would enhance an application but aren't necessary. This structure helps to filter candidates efficiently, ensuring that only those with the appropriate capabilities are shortlisted.In addition to technical and academic requirements, a person specification may include soft skills such as communication, teamwork, and adaptability. Personal qualities like motivation, reliability, and a proactive attitude can also be featured, especially if they align with the values or culture of the organisation that is hiring. By making these expectations explicit, employers not only attract the right type of applicants but also give those looking for work a clearer understanding of whether the role suits their profile and needs. “Many companies rely solely on a job spec, focusing on the job and not the person. With talent more sought-after than ever, the more people-focused businesses are doing just that - focusing on the people.” Chris Adcock, former Managing Director, Reed Technology The five purposes of a person specification: It makes the interviewing process more refined and streamlined Jobseekers are able to assess themselves before applying and understand how they will fit in with the role and your business. This allows them to match themselves according to suitability and not just skills It clarifies the two types of personal qualifications important to the employer: essential and desirable. This enables the employer to be explicit in what they want and how the candidate matches this criteria It helps to communicate equal opportunities policies within the recruitment culture of a business. The law is very clear about discrimination. A person specification ensures you are assessing a candidate on their abilities related to the role It means you test all of your candidates against the same list of priorities set out in advance. This helps remove bias, prejudice and personal interest, all of which can be problematic for recruiting successfully What to include in a person specification The person specification examples shown below are the types of information you should look for in a candidate. It’s important to know what is and isn’t appropriate for the vacancy you’re looking to fill. For example, some roles have a legal requirement for the candidate to have a set level of training and qualifications. It can be a sensitive document if approached incorrectly, so it’s better to be safe than sorry. Attainments - e.g. qualifications, experience, positions held Soft skills - e.g. relationship building, public speaking, time management Job-specific capabilities - e.g. use of different software or programmes, or team management Personality traits - e.g. proactive, patient, motivated, attention to detail Physical attributes - e.g. height, eyesight (note - these must be a justified requisite to complete the tasks within a role, not a preference) For specialist advice on your industry, get in contact with one of our consultants here. “While the employee and the employer have similar goals, ethics and job satisfaction, the employee will continue to work hard and give loyalty.” Claire Harvey, Managing Director, Reed Top tips when writing a person specification Be realistic: It’s incredibly rare any candidate will tick all boxes. Ensure you know your must-haves from your nice-to-haves. Identify existing skills gaps: The most successful teams are made up of individuals who bring something different to the department. Consider where your weak spots are and seek those out in the desired skills section. Consider how you might assess the criteria: Can the candidate be tested or demonstrate the desired attributes in an interview situation when asked? If you can’t think of an example, it may be unfair to expect them to. Check your tone of voice: It’s a good idea to have one or two people read over the document to check all points are conveyed in an appropriate manner and cannot cause offence. How does a person specification ease the onboarding process? Once a candidate has been chosen, the person specification makes integration and training much more organised because you will already be aware of what the candidate is able to do. For example, if your specification required someone with excellent computer skills as being essential to the role, then you would only need to give a brief induction to the computer systems of your business. It can also assist with creation of learning and development plans where they perhaps didn’t have certain desirable skills - yet.Recruitment agencies are experts in creating person specifications. Get in touch with one of our specialists for more advice on finding the best person to help reach your business goals.